Nutrigenomics: Implications for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the elderly, with complex causes involving genetic, environmental, and dietary factors. Nutrigenomics, which studies the interaction between genes and nutrients, has become a promising research direction in AMD prevention and treatment. AREDS and AREDS2 trials have shown that supplementation with nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, copper, lutein, and zeaxanthin can slow AMD progression to advanced stages. Nutritional interventions tailored to genetic profiles show promise: CFH risk alleles may enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of zinc supplements, while APOE variants affect response to omega-3 fatty acids. Adjusting carotenoid (such as lutein and zeaxanthin) intake based on genetic susceptibility reflects emerging precision nutrition approaches.