Gut Microbiome: The Mystery of the Second Brain

The gut microbiome is called the body's "second brain." This massive micro-ecosystem contains trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms. These microorganisms form a symbiotic relationship with the body and play key roles in our health.

The main functions of the gut microbiome include aiding digestion, synthesizing vitamins, regulating the immune system, protecting the intestinal barrier, and affecting brain function and emotional state. A healthy microbiome has diversity, with different types of probiotics each performing their duties to maintain gut ecological balance.

The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system connecting the gut and brain. Gut microorganisms can produce neurotransmitters such as serotonin and GABA, directly affecting mood and cognitive function. Research shows that gut microbiome imbalance is related to depression, anxiety, autism, and other neuropsychiatric diseases.

Immune regulation is another important function of the gut microbiome. About 70% of immune cells are located in the gut, and the microbiome trains the immune system to recognize harmful and harmless substances, maintaining immune balance. Microbiome imbalance can lead to allergies, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammation.

Strategies for maintaining gut microbiome health include: consuming diverse fiber foods, eating fermented foods, avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use, managing stress, and regular exercise.