The Role of Micronutrients in Aging in Asia

Life expectancy, as a measure of population health, does not reflect years of healthy life. Average life expectancy in the Asia-Pacific region has increased significantly since 1900 and now exceeds 70 years. By 2050, the proportion of elderly in the Asia-Pacific region is expected to double. Increased life expectancy has led to an increase in non-communicable diseases, affecting quality of life. Poor nutritional status is one of the factors contributing to increased prevalence and severity of non-communicable diseases (including cardiovascular, cognitive, musculoskeletal, immune, metabolic, and ophthalmic diseases). A review of published literature on nutrition and healthy aging (particularly applicable to the Asia-Pacific region) focuses on vitamins, minerals/trace elements, and omega-3 fatty acids. Optimal nutritional status needs to begin before entering old age and before disease causes irreversible consequences. Given the nutritional status and health issues of the elderly in the region, micronutrients such as vitamins A, D, E, C, B12, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids are particularly important.