Interactions Between Vitamins A, B12, D, K, C, and E Levels and Arterial Stiffness

Arterial stiffness is closely related to cardiovascular risk, morbidity, and mortality. Although evidence from some randomized clinical trials for vitamin supplementation to relieve arterial stiffness is inconsistent, positive results have been obtained in specific populations. Main mechanisms include: anti-atherosclerotic effects, improved endothelial function (vitamins A, C, D, and E) and metabolic status (vitamins A, B12, C, D, and K), inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (vitamin D), anti-inflammatory effects (vitamins A, D, E, and K), and antioxidant effects (vitamins A, C, and cysteine vitamins, reducing homocysteine levels (B12)).

Vitamin A, B12, C, D, E, and K status is important for assessing cardiovascular risk, and vitamin supplementation may be an effective, personalized, and inexpensive vasodilation therapy.